Artificial Intelligence Related Mental Health Chatbots and Psychological Well-Being

Abstract

This study explores the psychological impact and ethical implications of using artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled mental health chatbots, with a focus on their effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Drawing from cognitive-behavioural frameworks such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational Emotive Therapy (RET), the research investigates whether AI-driven interventions can support emotional well-being through guided self-reflection and behavioural change. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 138 participants aged 18 and above, predominantly female (72.5%) and within the 18–21 age group (71.5%). Mental health outcomes were assessed using the DASS-21 scale, and chatbot usage patterns were self-reported. Results show that AI chatbots are widely used, with 87.4% of respondents reporting at least occasional engagement. Over 60% of users rated their experience positively. The correlation matrix revealed significant positive associations among depression, anxiety, and stress, with the strongest link between depression and anxiety (r = 0.742, p < .001). This research underscores the potential of AI chatbots as scalable mental health tools while emphasizing the need for ethical design and emotional responsiveness to ensure trust and long-term efficacy.