The Heart of Care Beyond Shelter Walls: How Environmental Satisfaction Builds Resilient Life Skills in Vulnerable Youth

Abstract

Background: Adolescents in residential care facilities face unique developmental challenges that may be profoundly influenced by their satisfaction with living conditions. Understanding the relationship between environmental satisfaction and life skills development is crucial for optimizing care practices and improving developmental outcomes. Objective: This study examined the relationship between satisfaction with living conditions and life skills development among adolescents residing in shelter homes, with particular focus on identifying life skills domains most susceptible to environmental influences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 adolescents (aged 12-17 years) from four shelter homes in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Life skills were assessed using the Comprehensive Inventory for Life-Skills in Adolescents (CILSA). Environmental satisfaction was assessed through structured interviews. One-way ANOVA examined differences across satisfaction groups. Results: Significant differences were found across satisfaction groups in six life skills domains: self-awareness (F = 3.71, p = 0.03), empathy (F = 2.99, p = 0.05), creative thinking (F = 5.85, p < 0.001), stress coping (F = 5.62, p < 0.001), communication  (F = 7.88, p < 0.001), and interpersonal skills (F = 6.06, p < 0.001). The total life skills composite score demonstrated a substantial 27-point difference between satisfied (108.18±21.57) and unsatisfied (80.82 ± 19.49) adolescents (F = 4.89, p = 0.01, η² = 0.08). Conclusions: Environmental satisfaction significantly predicts life skills development among adolescents in residential care, with communication and interpersonal skills showing the strongest associations. These findings provide empirical support for implementing trauma-informed, environment-focused approaches in institutional child care settings.