Psychosocial Aspects of Generation Z: A Review

Abstract

This review systematically examines the complex process of identity formation in Generation Z, focusing on the interplay between parental influence, societal stigma, emotional regulation, peer relationships, educational environments, digital culture, and mental health. Building upon foundational theories by Erikson and Marcia, and integrating Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems perspective, the review highlights how Gen Z navigates identity amidst unprecedented digital connectivity, sociopolitical uncertainty, and evolving family dynamics. The findings indicate that authoritative parenting and secure attachment foster healthy identity exploration, whereas societal stigma and emotional suppression hinder self-growth and increase psychological distress. Inclusive educational settings and supportive peer networks enhance a sense of belonging, whereas digital platforms offer both opportunities for self-expression and risks such as cyberbullying and social comparison. The pervasive influence of mental health challenges on identity narratives is explored alongside emerging therapeutic cultures that promote self-awareness. This review identifies critical gaps in longitudinal, intersectional, and non-Western research, advocating for more nuanced studies to comprehensively understand and support the diverse identity experiences of Generation Z.